O--O stands for castles on the King's side; O--O--O stands for
castles on the Queen's side; : or x stands for captures; + for
check.

In the following opening moves, both notations are used for the
purpose of comparison:

    1. P-Q 4      P-Q4         1. d4         d5
    2. P-QB4      P-K3         2. c4         e6
    3. Kt-QB3     P-QB4        3. Ktc3       c5
    4. PxQP       KPxP         4. cd:        ed:
    5. P-K4       QPxP         5. e4         de:
    6. P-Q5       Kt-KB3       6. d5         Ktf6
    7. B--KKt5    B-K2         7. Bg5        Be7
    8. K Kt-K2    Castles      8. Ktge2      O--O

In most books in which the algebraic notation is used, both
squares of a move are written out for the benefit of the student.
The moves above would then look like this:

          1. d2-d4          d7-d5
          2. c2-c4          e7-e6
          3. Ktb1-c3        c7-c5
          4. C4 x d5        e6xd5
          5. e2-e4          d5xe4
          6. d4-d5          Ktg8-f6
          7. Bc1-g5         Bf8-e 7
          8. Ktg1-e2        O--O

To conclude: I will give the denomination of the pieces in
various languages:

English .............. K  Q  R  B  Kt P   Castles
French  .............. R  D  T  F  C  P   Roq
Spanish .............. R  D  T  A  C  P   Enrog
German and Austrian .. K  D  T  L  S      O-O (O)
Italian .............. R  D  T  A  C      O-O (O)
Russian .............. KP F  L  C  K      O-O (O)
Dutch ................ K  D  T  L  P      O-O (O)
Scandinavian ......... K  D  T  L  S      O-O (O)
Bohemian ............. K  D  V  S  J      O-O (O)
Hungarian ............ K  V  B  F  H      O-O (O)