GM Svetozar Gligoric

According to the Huffington Post “he was one of the world’s leading chess players in the 1950s and 1960s and the Yugoslav player of the 20th century. After nearly seven decades playing chess, the legendary grandmaster Svetozar Gligoric turned to music.  Last month, shortly after his 88th birthday, Gligoric presented his first music album in Belgrade.
How I survived the 20th century is a collection of 12 compositions, mostly jazz, blues and rap. Gliga or Gligo, as his friends call him, wrote the music and texts and invited some known Serbian musicians to perform with him. The central theme of his work is expressed in the song Life is all we have. Gligoric pointed out the similarity between music and chess: “Each note is like a chess move and from these elements you create your own architecture within known rules.””

Svetozar Gligorić (Serbian Cyrillic: Светозар Глигорић) (born February 2, 1923) is a Serbian chess grandmaster. He won the championship of Yugoslavia a record twelve times, and is considered the best player ever from Serbia. in 1958 he was declared for the best athlete of Yugoslavia.

During the 1950s and 1960s, he was one of the top ten players in the world, also among the world’s most popular, owing to his globe-trotting tournament schedule and a particularly engaging personality that is reflected in the title of his autobiography, I Play Against Pieces (i.e., with no hostility to the opponent, or playing differently for “psychological” reasons against different players; playing the board not the man).

Life
Svetozar Gligorić was born in Belgrade to a poor family. According to his recollections, his first exposure to chess was as a small child watching patrons play in a neighborhood bar. He began to play at the age of eleven, when taught by a boarder taken in by his mother (his father had died by this time). Lacking a chess set, he made one for himself by carving pieces from corks from wine bottles — a story paralleling the formative years of his great contemporary, the Estonian grandmaster Paul Keres.Gligorić was a good student during his youth, with both academic and athletic successes that famously led to him being invited to represent his school at a birthday celebration for Prince Peter, later to become King Peter II of Yugoslavia. He later recounted (to International Master David Levy, who chronicled his chess career in The Chess of Gligoric), his distress at attending this gala event wearing poor clothing resulting from his family’s impoverished condition. His first tournament success came in 1938 when he won the championship of the Belgrade Chess Club; however, World War II interrupted his chess progress for a time. During the war, Gligorić was a member of a partisan unit. A chance encounter with a chess-playing partisan officer led to his removal from combat.Following the World War II, Gligorić worked several years as a journalist and organizer of chess tournaments. He continued to progress as a chessplayer and was awarded the chess International Master (IM) title in 1950 and the Grandmaster (GM) title in 1951, eventually making the transition to full-time chess professional, continuing active tournament play well into his sixties.

Gligorić was one of the most successful tournament players of the middle of the century, with a number of tournament titles to his credit, but was less successful in competing for the World Chess Championship. He was Yugoslav champion in 1947 (joint), 1948 (joint), 1949, 1950, 1956, 1957, 1958 (joint), 1959, 1960, 1962, 1965 and 1971.He represented his country (Yugoslavia) with great success in fifteen Chess Olympiads from 1950 to 1982 (thirteen times on first board), playing 223 games (+88 =109 -26). In the first post-war Olympiad, on home soil at Dubrovnik 1950, Gligoric played on first board and led Yugoslavia to a historic result, the team gold medal. The Yugoslav team was usually second or third in the world during the 1950s.His list of first-place finishes in international chess competitions is one of the longest and includes such events as Mar del Plata 1950, Stockholm 1954, Belgrade 1964, Manila 1968, Lone Pine 1972 and 1979, etc. He was a regular competitor in the series of great tournaments held at Hastings, with wins (or ties for first) in 1951–2, 1956–7, 1959–60, 1960–61, and 1962–3.His record in world-championship qualifying events was mixed. He was a regular competitor in Zonal and Interzonal competitions with several successes, e.g. zonal wins in 1951, 1960 (joint), 1963, 1966, and 1969 (joint) and finishes at the Interzonals of 1952, 1958, and 1967 high enough to qualify him for the final “Candidates” events the following year. However, he was not as successful in any of the Candidates events, with mediocre results in the 1953 and 1959 Candidates Tournaments and a match loss to Mikhail Tal in the 1968 Candidates match series.

Read the Huffington Post Article…

###pgn###[Event "Rovinj/Zagreb "] [Site "Zagreb"] [Date "1970.??.??"] [Round "?"] [White "Petrosian, Tigran V"] [Black "Gligoric, Svetozar"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "E97"] [Annotator "GM Lubomir Kavalek/The Huffington Post"] [PlyCount "66"] [EventDate "1970.??.??"] [EventType "game"] [EventCountry "CRO"] 1. c4 g6 2. Nf3 Bg7 3. d4 Nf6 4. Nc3 O-O 5. e4 d6 6. Be2 e5 7. O-O Nc6 8. d5 Ne7 9. b4 ({The Bayonet Attack was the main reason why even the most stubborn King’s Indian players gave up on the defense. Gligoric’s legacy is the incredibly effective kingside set-up in the The Mar del Plata variation 9.Ne1 Nd7 10.Nd3. It premiered in the Argentinian resort in 1953 and it is still on fire more than a half century later. Here is the original:} 9. Ne1 Nd7 10. Nd3 f5 11. f3 f4 12. Bd2 Nf6 13. b4 g5 14. c5 h5 15. Nf2 Ng6 16. Rc1 Rf7 $1 { Gligo’s invention.} 17. cxd6 cxd6 18. a4 Bf8 $1 19. a5 Rg7 $1 {A beautiful combination of attack and defense.} 20. h3 Nh8 $1 {Threatening to maneuver his knight via f7 to h6 and break through with g5-g4.} 21. Nb5 g4 22. fxg4 hxg4 23. hxg4 a6 24. Na3 Bd7 25. Nc4 Rc8 26. Nb6 Rxc1 27. Bxc1 Be8 28. Ba3 Nf7 29. Qc2 Nh6 30. g5 Rxg5 31. Rc1 Rg3 32. Bb2 Nfg4 33. Nxg4 Nxg4 34. Bxg4 Rxg4 35. Qf2 Bg6 36. Rc4 Qe7 37. Bc3 Qh7 38. Qe2 Rh4 39. Kf2 f3 40. Qe3 Rf4 41. gxf3 Qh2+ 42. Ke1 Qh1+ 43. Ke2 Bh5 44. Kd2 Rxf3 45. Qg5+ Bg7 46. Kc2 Rf2+ 47. Bd2 Qd1+ 48. Kc3 Qa1+ {0-1 Najdorf,M-Gligoric,S/Mar del Plata 1953.}) 9… Nh5 10. Nd2 ( {Up to the present game Petrosian kept this idea secret. It was usual to play} 10. g3 {,taking the f4 square away from the black knight, but it costs white a tempo and weakens the kingside. For example 10…} f5 11. Ng5 Nf6 12. f3 h6 13. Ne6 Bxe6 14. dxe6 f4 15. b5 fxg3 16. hxg3 Qc8 $1 17. Nd5 Qxe6 18. Nxc7 Qh3 $11 {threatening perpetual check, Pachman-Taimanov 1964. Petrosian’s move increases the queenside pressure in extra-quick time. Black is no longer able to block the queenside, as after 9.Nd2 c5, so white’s king’s knight can play an important role there. – Gligoric}) (10. Re1 {became popular 25 years later and it is still the main line.}) 10… Nf4 {The knight is strongly placed on this square but it can’t stay there forever. Petrosian’s idea is based on the assessment that black has spent two moves on this maneuver and the knight is standing in the way of the black kingside pawn mass. – Gligoric} 11. a4 ({The bishop can’t immediately run away to f3:} 11. Bf3 {because of 11…} Nd3 12. Ba3 a5 $1 {and white’s dark bishop has no good place to hide. – Gligoric}) 11… f5 {At this moment I had the feeling that I was in grave danger of being outplayed on the queenside so all my moves were motivated by my hurry to carry out a counter-action that would neutralize white’s initiative. – Gligoric} ({ Perhaps the simple} 11… Nxe2+ {was also playable, clearing the way for the black pawns.}) 12. Bf3 ({Until here black has been fighting in the dark, not knowing exactly the essence of white’s plan, and his last move came as a small psychological shock that lasted some five minutes. Should I have taken the light bishop earlier? Because now it is too late. After} 12. c5 {I wanted to reduce white’s menacing pressure by playing 12…} fxe4 (12… Nxe2+) 13. Ndxe4 Nf5 {- Gligoric}) 12… g5 $1 ({After the initial surprise, black spent twenty minutes searching for the best solution at this critical moment of the battle. The move played, threatening 13…g4, is probably the only sound solution. Black weakens his ligth squares, but speeds up his action on the kingside, which is important to maintain balance.} 12… Nd3 $2 13. Ba3 {the dark bishop is active, safely hidden behind the a-pawn, which was the idea od white’s previous move. After 13…} a5 14. bxa5 $16) ({The variation} 12… fxe4 13. Ndxe4 Nf5 14. g3 {was much slower than the move I played. – Gligoric}) 13. exf5 Nxf5 {Threatening 14…Nh4.} 14. g3 (14. Nde4 Nh4) (14. Be4) 14… Nd4 $1 {The knight sacrifice seemed to me the only good reaction at this point. It is a positionally active continuation and it should solve the problem of maintaining the balance. After 14…Ng6 the black pieces would be pushed back and white would not only have a spacial advantage but also superiority on the light squares. – Gligoric} ({The game Keene – Kavalek, Teeside 1975, showed that black doesn’t need to retreat or sacrifice the knight and can play} 14… Nh3+ 15. Kg2 Qd7 $1 {indirectly protecting the knight on h3. Leading the bishop-queen battery with the queen is not common, but I had the opportunity of playing it with the white pieces against Wolfgang Pietsch and Bent Larsen used it against me.} 16. Nb3 (16. Kxh3 Ne3+ 17. g4 Nxd1 $19) (16. Bg4 Nxf2 17. Kxf2 Nd4+ 18. Bf3 g4) (16. Be4 g4 17. Nb3 h5) 16… Nd4 17. Nxd4 exd4 18. Nb5 c6 $1 19. Na3 {Keene goes to the edge, leaving black with a sizeable advantage. } (19. Nxd4 Rxf3 20. Kxf3 Qg4+ 21. Ke3 c5) 19… Rxf3 $5 ({I could not resist the temptation to sacrifice the exchange, but the simple} 19… Be5 { solidifies black’s gains.}) 20. Qxf3 g4 {The noose around the white king gets tighter. Black only needs to prepare a deadly bishop check on the square e4.} { Keene tried} 21. Qb3 Qe7 {(Preventing 22.f3.)} 22. Ra2 $2 Bf5 23. f3 {White is doing all he can to prevent an outright defeat, but it is not good enough. Black now has several ways to win the game:} {I played} d3 (23… Be4 $1 { Andrew Martin’s suggestions in “The Main Line King’s Indian” by John Nunn and Graham Burgess, p.281} 24. dxc6 bxc6 25. Nb1 Bxf3+ 26. Rxf3 Qe1 27. Rf1 Qe4+ 28. Rf3 Rf8 29. Bf4 Nxf4+ (29… gxf3+ 30. Kxh3 Qe6+ 31. g4 Rxf4 $19) 30. gxf4 gxf3+ $19) (23… Rf8 $1 {suggested by Deep Fritz 12, is even better, leaving the threats 24…Be4 or 24…gxf3+ 25.Rxf3 Be4 open. After} 24. fxg4 Be4+ 25. Kxh3 Rxf1 {and black wins.}) 24. fxg4 Qe4+ 25. Rf3 Ng1 $2 ({Showing off. The knight leap landed me in trouble. I missed} 25… Qxg4 $1 {and black should win.}) 26. Qxd3 Qxd3 27. Rxd3 Bxd3 28. Kxg1 cxd5 29. cxd5 Re8 {1/2-1/2 Keene, R-Kavalek,L/Teesside 1975}) 15. gxf4 ({Petrosian has to accept the sacrifice because after} 15. Bg4 Bxg4 16. Qxg4 h5 17. Qd1 Nh3+ 18. Kg2 g4 19. f3 Qd7 { black is better.}) 15… Nxf3+ ({Removing one of the defenders seems more logical than} 15… exf4) 16. Qxf3 $6 ({Gligoric thought that} 16. Nxf3 $5 { was more cautious. It was the right move. Black has to juggle with 16…} g4 $5 17. Nd2 exf4 18. Nde4 Bf5 $5 19. Ra3 Qe8 $1 20. f3 Qg6 21. Kh1 (21. Bxf4 gxf3+ 22. Ng3 Bg4 23. Qd2 Rae8 $15) 21… Rae8 22. Rg1 Rxe4 $1 (22… g3 23. Bxf4 Bxe4 24. Nxe4 Rxf4 25. Rxg3 Qh6 26. Ra2 Kf8 27. Rag2 Be5 28. Qc1 $16) 23. Nxe4 Bxe4 24. Rg2 (24. fxe4 $2 Qxe4+ 25. Rg2 f3 26. Rf2 Bd4 $17) 24… Bf5 25. Bxf4 h5 {hoping to survive.}) 16… g4 17. Qh1 $2 {A strange decision. Petrosian burries his queen in the corner, limiting his own king. The Armenian grandmaster was known to predict danger many moves ahead, but I am not sure he was such a great defender once his opponent got his attack rolling.} ({ Gligoric expected} 17. Qd3 {and hoped to keep equality with 17…} Bf5 {for example} 18. Nde4 (18. Nce4 exf4 19. Rb1 f3 20. Bb2 Qh4 {with compensation, for example} 21. Kh1 (21. Bxg7 $2 Qh3 $19) (21. Rfe1 $5 Bxb2 22. Rxb2 Rae8 23. Qf1 Qh6 24. Re3 (24. Ng3 Bd3) 24… Re5 25. Rb1 (25. c5 Bg6 $11) (25. Ra2 Bg6 $15) 25… Bxe4 26. Rxe4 (26. Nxe4 Rh5 $19) 26… Qxd2 27. Rxg4+ Kf7 $15) 21… Bxb2 22. Rxb2 Rae8 23. Rg1 (23. Rbb1 $5 Rxe4 24. Nxe4 g3 25. fxg3 Bxe4 26. gxh4 Bxd3 $17) 23… Rxe4 24. Nxe4 Re8 25. Qd4 Rxe4 26. Qxa7 Rxc4 {with roughly equal chances.}) 18… exf4 19. f3 ({After} 19. Bxf4 Bxe4 20. Qxe4 Bxc3 21. Ra3 Qf6 {black is fine.}) 19… gxf3 $1 (19… g3 20. Bxf4 $1 $18) 20. Rxf3 Bxc3 21. Qxc3 Bxe4 22. Rxf4 Qg5+ 23. Qg3 Qxg3+ 24. hxg3 $11) (17. Qd1 exf4 18. Nde4 Bf5 {has been discussed above.}) 17… exf4 18. Bb2 ({The computer engines prefer to consolidate with} 18. Nde4 Bf5 19. Bd2 {for example:} Qe8 (19… f3 20. Rae1 Qd7) 20. h4 (20. h3 Qg6 21. h4 h5) 20… Qe5 21. h5 Qd4 22. h6 Be5 23. Rae1 Qxc4 24. Qh4 Kh8 {with roughly equal chances.}) 18… Bf5 ({Black could have locked the white queen immediately with} 18… f3) 19. Rfe1 f3 20. Nde4 Qh4 {Preparing to bring the rook from a8 to the battle, the move also gives an impression that black intends to lock the white queen with Qh4-h3. Petrosian gets nervous and worsens his position.} 21. h3 $2 {Petrosian tries to free his queen, but he opens his king up to danger. Other moves keep black in charge:} ( 21. Ng3 Bg6 (21… Bd3 22. Rad1 Rfe8 23. Nce4 Bxe4 24. Bxg7 Bc2)) ({or} 21. Nd1 Bxb2 22. Nxb2 Rae8 23. Ng3 Bg6 {white is playing without queen and black threatens 24…Qf6.}) 21… Be5 $1 {It’s over now. Black has a winning attack.} 22. Re3 gxh3 23. Qxf3 Bg4 $1 ({According to Gligoric, this is more energetic than} 23… Bxe4 24. Rxe4 Rxf3 25. Rxh4 Bxc3 26. Bxc3 Rxc3 $17) 24. Qh1 h2+ 25. Kg2 (25. Kf1 Rf3 $1 $19) 25… Qh5 $1 {(It took me some time to find this fine maneuver which is the most efficient way of continuing the attack and battle for the light f3 and h3 squares around the white king. White’s reply is forced because he has to protect the f3 square. – Gligoric)} 26. Nd2 Bd4 $5 ({ Attacking the main defender – the rook protects the third rank. – Gligoric. However,} 26… Qg5 $1 {is swifter, for example} 27. Rxe5 (27. Kf1 Qxe3 $19) 27… Qxd2 $19) 27. Qe1 (27. Rae1 $2 Bh3+ $1 28. Rxh3 (28. Kxh2 Rxf2+ 29. Kg1 Rxd2 $19) 28… Rxf2+ 29. Kg3 Qg5#) 27… Rae8 $5 ({Gligo brings the last piece into battle, but he could have finished the game more efficiently with} 27… Bxe3 $1 28. Qxe3 (28. fxe3 Bh3+ 29. Kh1 Bg2+ $1 30. Kxg2 h1=Q+ 31. Qxh1 Qg4+ 32. Kh2 Rf2+ 33. Qg2 Qxg2#) 28… Rf3 $1 29. Nxf3 Qh3+ 30. Kh1 Bxf3+ { wins.}) 28. Nce4 ({After} 28. Kh1 {comes 28…} Rxe3 $1 29. fxe3 Bf3+ 30. Nxf3 Qxf3+ 31. Kxh2 Be5+ 32. Kg1 Qg4+ 33. Kh1 Qh3+ 34. Kg1 Qh2#) 28… Bxb2 29. Rg3 Be5 ({The straightforward} 29… Bxa1 $1 30. Qxa1 Rxe4 $1 31. Nxe4 Rf3 $1 32. Nd2 Rxg3+ 33. fxg3 Qh6 {also wins.}) 30. Raa3 ({After} 30. f3 Bxg3 31. Qxg3 Rxe4 32. fxe4 Rf7 33. Rh1 Qh6 34. Nf1 Rg7 $19) 30… Kh8 31. Kh1 Rg8 32. Qf1 Bxg3 33. Rxg3 $2 {Speeds up the end.} (33. Nxg3 Qh6 $19) (33. fxg3 Rgf8 34. Qa1+ Re5 $19) 33… Rxe4 $1 (33… Rxe4 $1 34. Nxe4 Bf3+ {wins.}) 0-1%%%pgn%%% Discount
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